Light propagation in gradient media and curved spaces induce intriguing phenomena, such as focusing and self-imaging, thus deriving a wide range of applications. However, these systems are limited to excitations without orbital angular momentum, which may obliterate unforeseen results. Here, we demonstrate the reconstructions (or called imaging to some extent) of optical vortices in two dimensional (2D) gradient media and three-dimensional (3D) curved spaces. We present the evolution of optical vortices in two types of...

A novel mode-hope-free (MHF) tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) is demonstrated without mechanical pivot-point tuning. By corotating a periscope with an etalon and a narrow band pass (NBP) filter inside an external cavity, the cavity single longitudinal mode selection can be maintained, and continuous tuning can be achieved with optimal synchronization. A MHF continuous tuning range of 1.7 THz has been achieved with a semiconductor gain chip at the wavelength of 652±2 nm experimentally,...

Optical pulling is an attractive concept due to the counterintuitive feature, the profound mechanism underneath and promising applications. In recent ten years, optical pulling of micro-nano objects have been fully demonstrated. However, optical pulling of a macroscopic object is challenging. Herein, laser pulling of a macroscopic object is presented in rarefied gas. The pulling force is originated from the Kundsen force when a gauss laser beam irradiates a macroscopic structure composed of the absorptive bulk...

BackgroundMore data is needed on the short- and medium-term efficacy and safety of the Willis covered stent in treating distal internal carotid artery (DICA) aneurysms and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs).MethodsRecords of all 42 patients with DICA aneurysms or VADAs treated with the Willis covered stents at our institute between July 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively examined. The patients’ demographic information, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment procedure, immediate and follow-up clinical and angiographic outcomes were extracted.Results46...

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is an approach for meta-analyzing single-case experimental designs (SCED). In this paper, we provide a step-by-step guideline for using the MLM to meta-analyze SCED time-series data. The MLM approach is first presented using a basic three-level model, then gradually extended to represent more realistic situations of SCED data, such as modeling a time variable, moderators representing different design types and multiple outcomes, and heterogeneous within-case variance. The presented approach is then illustrated...

In this paper, the adaptive liquid (AL) lenses are introduced into the double-sided telecentric zoom system, which could greatly decrease the mechanical motion group compared with the traditional zoom system, and only one movable STO is retained. Firstly, this paper derived the Gaussian brackets used in this system, and we found the appropriate screening method to get the suitable initial structure parameters from the solution space. Then we used the lens module design method to...

Rapid coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging shows great promise for applications in sensing, medical diagnostics and metabolism dynamic monitoring. However, the spectral acquisition speed of current multiplex CARS microscopy is generally limited by the spectrometer integration time, making it difficult to achieve the video frame rate imaging. On the other hand, as the detection speed increases, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of single spectrum will decrease leading to a terrible imaging quality. In this letter, we report...

Photothermal phenomenon is one of the natural responses in light-matter interactions in which the energy of the incident light is converted into heat, resulting in a temperature increase in the illuminated material. This effect has a direct influence on the refractive index of the material such that its change of spectral dependency with temperature can be exploited for different applications. However, it is also important to separate/identify the thermal effect from the optical/electronic resonance effect...

Light propagation in gradient media and curved spaces induce intriguing phenomena, such as focusing and self-imaging, thus deriving a wide range of applications. However, these systems are limited to excitations without orbital angular momentum, which may obliterate unforeseen results. Here, we demonstrate the reconstructions (or called imaging to some extent) of optical vortices in two dimensional (2D) gradient media and three-dimensional (3D) curved spaces. We present the evolution of optical vortices in two types of...

Manipulating the polarization state of terahertz waves is critical for terahertz communication systems. In this study, a terahertz band polarization conversion metasurface based on dislocation-induced anisotropy is proposed. Numerical simulation results revealed that the polarization conversion of orthogonal linearly polarized light, left and right circularly polarized light, linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light, and circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light can be realized. Furthermore, the simulation revealed that multifunctional polarization conversion can be...

Modeling optical field propagation in highly scattering and birefringent medium is of important interest to many photonic research branches. Despite the existence of numerical electromagnetic simulation tools and beam propagation method frameworks, there has been a lack of an analytical model including the full tensor nature of birefringence, which is an essential forward-propagation tool for applications requiring efficiently iterative regularization and end-to-end designs. Here, we present an analytical tool for modeling field propagation in a...

Simple, rapid, and reliable determination of the biuret content in urea fertilizer is very important for the development of fertilizer industry. A near infrared diffuse reflectance measurement system with a portable spectrometer was developed, in which the reference and dark background spectrum could also be recorded automatically in addition to the absorbance data. The key performances of the proposed NIR system have been tested on urea fertilizer. Numerical experiments showed that the coefficient of determination...

This paper introduces a joint choice model for travel mode and duration to quantify the mobility impacts of urban design changes on the built environment. The model is formulated as a Random Forest classifier that predicts the mode-duration probabilities of a given trip. A novel series of predictor features are proposed which measure the urban form, demographics, and service densities on different scales of the transportation network. Through a sensitivity analysis and a proof-of-concept case...

In this paper, we make research on the temperature stability of silicon-based ring resonator thermometers utilizing Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technology. A slight temperature fluctuation of 12.2 mK in 200 s was experimentally detected by immersing the sensor in the triple point of water (TPW) system with ultra-high precision. Additionally, factors that affect temperature stability, including fundamental thermal noises, laser frequency drift and power fluctuation, were analyzed and calculated theoretically. It shows high consistency with experimental results....

ObjectiveDNA methylation plays an important role in inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting DNA methylation on lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI).MethodsWe adopted a completely random design for our study. Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham, LIRI, azathioprine (AZA), and pluripotin (SC1) groups. The rats in the LIRI, AZA, and SC1 groups received left lung transplantation and intravenous injection of saline, AZA, and SC1, respectively. After 24 hours of...

ObjectiveDNA methylation plays an important role in inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting DNA methylation on lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI).MethodsWe adopted a completely random design for our study. Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham, LIRI, azathioprine (AZA), and pluripotin (SC1) groups. The rats in the LIRI, AZA, and SC1 groups received left lung transplantation and intravenous injection of saline, AZA, and SC1, respectively. After 24 hours of...

Arrayed resonant cavity with outstanding optical trapping ability have received increasing attention in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, a three-dimensional (3D) composite AgNPs-Al2O3/Au/inverted patterned sapphire substrate PMMA (IPSSPMMA) flexible resonant cavity system is theoretically and experimentally investigated as a flexible SERS sensor. With the help of an effective plasma coupling (localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)), as shown by the Finite Element Method, a resonant cavity between IPSSPMMA and a particle-film nanostructure...

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effect of implementing a hierarchical pharmaceutical service pattern based on the knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP) intervention theory on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsEligible patients were randomly divided into an intervention or control group. Pharmaceutical service classification criteria were formulated and used to provide patients with differing levels of pharmaceutical services. The classification scores and KAP levels of patients before and at various time points after the intervention were analyzed. The rates of acute...

Despite extensive efforts to identify interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) with resting-state (rs-) fMRI, correlated low-frequency rs-fMRI signal fluctuation across homotopic cortices originates from multiple sources. It remains challenging to differentiate circuit-specific FC from global regulation. Here, we developed a bilateral line-scanning fMRI method to detect laminar-specific rs-fMRI signals from homologous forepaw somatosensory cortices with high spatial and temporal resolution in rat brains. Based on spectral coherence analysis, two distinct bilateral fluctuation spectral features were identified:...

Quantum light sources play a fundamental role in quantum technologies ranging from quantum networking to quantum sensing and computation. The development of these technologies requires scalable platforms and the recent discovery of quantum light sources in silicon represents an exciting and promising prospect for scalability. The usual process for creating color-centers in silicon involves carbon implantation into silicon followed by rapid thermal annealing. However, the dependence of critical optical properties such as the inhomogeneous broadening,...

Employing nanostructure to generate large chiroptical response has been cultivated as an emerging field, for its great potentials in integrated optics, biochemistry detections, etc. However, the lack of intuitive approaches for analytically describing the chiroptical nanoparticles has discouraged guiding the design of advanced chiroptical structures. In this work, we take the twisted nanorod dimer system as a basic example to provide an analytical approach from the perspective of mode coupling, including far-field coupling and near-field...

The Saharan desert ant Cataglyphis bombycina is densely covered with shiny silver setae (hair-like structures). Their appearance was explained by geometric optics and total internal reflection [PLoS one, 11, (2016)]. The setae also increase the emissivity of the ant, as they form an effective medium [Science, 349, 298 (2015)]. This work provides additional data on microstrucural details of the setae that are used to simulate the scattering of an individual seta to explain their influence...

Detection and recovery of audio signals using optical methods is an appealing topic. Observing the movement of secondary speckle patterns is a convenient method for such a purpose. In order to have less computational cost and faster processing, one-dimensional laser speckle images are captured by an imaging device, while it sacrifices the ability to detect speckle movement along one axis. This manuscript proposes a laser microphone system to estimate the twodimensional displacement from one-dimensional laser...

This paper uses a generalizable clustering approach to investigate the effects of socio-demographic features on aggregate urban mobility patterns, including activity distribution and travel modal split. We use K-means via principal component analysis to identify eight representative traveler clusters from the 2017 U.S. National Household Travel Survey. Based on the cluster centroids and the cluster percentages within a neighborhood, we can estimate a Temporal Mobility Choice Matrix (TM) that describes the neighborhood-level aggregate mobility choice...

This paper uses a generalizable clustering approach to investigate the effects of socio-demographic features on aggregate urban mobility patterns, including activity distribution and travel modal split. We use K-means via principal component analysis to identify eight representative traveler clusters from the 2017 U.S. National Household Travel Survey. Based on the cluster centroids and the cluster percentages within a neighborhood, we can estimate a Temporal Mobility Choice Matrix (TM) that describes the neighborhood-level aggregate mobility choice...