Measuring and correcting wavefront aberrations is an important process in a wide variety of disciplines, from ophthalmology, laser cutting and astronomy to free-space communication and microscopy, and always relies on measuring intensities to infer phase. One approach is to use the transport-of-intensity as a means for phase retrieval, exploiting the connection between observed energy flow in optical fields and their wavefronts. Here we present a simple scheme, using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), to perform...

The National Transfusion Dataset (NTD) will form the first integrated national database of blood usage in Australia. The NTD aims to collect information about where, when, and how blood products are used across all clinical settings. This will address Australia’s absence of an integrated national database to record blood usage with the ability to link with clinical outcomes. The dataset will be an invaluable resource towards a comprehensive understanding of how and why blood products...

The world of work has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hundreds of thousands of Australians have lost their jobs. Millions more are working less or working differently. ​The COVID-19 Work and Health study explores the physical and mental health impacts of these changes in work, and tracks people's engagement in work and their health over time. Our approach: We recruited more than 2000 Australians aged over 18 years who had been working before the...

The world of work has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hundreds of thousands of Australians have lost their jobs. Millions more are working less or working differently. ​The COVID-19 Work and Health study explores the physical and mental health impacts of these changes in work, and tracks people's engagement in work and their health over time. Our approach: We recruited more than 2000 Australians aged over 18 years who had been working before the...

Abstract Objectives This paper developed federated solutions based on two approximation algorithms to achieve federated generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMM). The paper also proposed a solution for numerical errors and singularity issues. And showed the two proposed methods can perform well in revealing the significance of parameter in distributed datasets, comparing to a centralized GLMM algorithm from R package (‘lme4’) as the baseline model. Methods The log-likelihood function of GLMM is approximated by two...

Abstract Background Data showed that postpartum haemorrhage contributed to over 40% of in-hospital deaths of Ethiopian women. However, little is known about the barriers to effective management of primary postpartum haemorrhage. This study aims to explore the views and experiences of maternity healthcare professionals about the barriers to managing primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia using the ‘Three Delays’ model as a conceptual framework. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was employed at...

Abstract Background Measurement of estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) has been demonstrated to be an indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and a risk sign for long-term outcomes in those with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) having coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). After elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the usefulness of eGDR for prognosis in those with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and non-diabetes is yet unknown. Methods 1510 NSTE-ACS patients...

Background:The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on overall survival (OS), treatment response and toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib is unknown. We examined the impact of NAFLD on survival and toxicity in an international cohort of patients receiving sorafenib.Methods:Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients consecutively treated at specialist centres in Europe and North America. The impact of NAFLD on OS, sorafenib-specific survival and toxicity compared with other...

This is an electronic repository for Honours theses in the School of Chemistry, Monash.

Abstract Background Vaccine efficiency has a significant role in the public perception of vaccination. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (AZD-1222, Sputnik-V, Sinopharm, and Covaxin) and the effect of gender on vaccine efficacy. We evaluated the efficacy of these vaccines among 214 health care employees in Iran. Blood samples were taken from all participants on day 0 and 14 days after the second dose. Humoral responses were evaluated by...

Abstract Background Vaccine efficiency has a significant role in the public perception of vaccination. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (AZD-1222, Sputnik-V, Sinopharm, and Covaxin) and the effect of gender on vaccine efficacy. We evaluated the efficacy of these vaccines among 214 health care employees in Iran. Blood samples were taken from all participants on day 0 and 14 days after the second dose. Humoral responses were evaluated by...

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to construct a nomogram based on classical parameters and immunohistochemical markers to predict the recurrence of early low-risk endometrial cancer patients.MethodsA total of 998 patients with early low-risk endometrial cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment were enrolled (668 in the training cohort, 330 in the validation cohort). Prognostic factors identified by univariate and multivariate analysis in the training cohort were used to construct the nomogram. Prediction performance of the...

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to construct a nomogram based on classical parameters and immunohistochemical markers to predict the recurrence of early low-risk endometrial cancer patients.MethodsA total of 998 patients with early low-risk endometrial cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment were enrolled (668 in the training cohort, 330 in the validation cohort). Prognostic factors identified by univariate and multivariate analysis in the training cohort were used to construct the nomogram. Prediction performance of the...

The world of work has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hundreds of thousands of Australians have lost their jobs. Millions more are working less or working differently. ​The COVID-19 Work and Health study explores the physical and mental health impacts of these changes in work, and tracks people's engagement in work and their health over time. Our approach: We recruited more than 2000 Australians aged over 18 years who had been working before the...

Abstract Background The first three years of life are the critical and sensitive periods for the formation of individual abilities. However, existing data indicates that early childhood development (ECD) in economically vulnerable areas of China is lagging, which is closely related to the lack of parenting knowledge and poor parenting practices. Methods We conducted a non-masked cluster-randomized controlled trial in a former nationally designated poverty county of China. All 6–36-month-old children and their caregivers living...

Abstract Background Allied health assistants (AHAs) are support staff who complete patient and non-patient related tasks under the delegation of an allied health professional. Delegating patient related tasks to AHAs can benefit patients and allied health professionals. However, it is unclear whether the AHA workforce is utilised optimally in the provision of patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of time AHAs spend on patient related tasks during their working...

Abstract Background The collateral damage of SARS-CoV-2 is a serious concern in the Emergency Medicine (EM) community, specifically in relation to delayed care increasing morbidity and mortality in attendances unrelated to COVID-19. The objectives of this study are to describe the profile of patients attending an Irish ED prior to, and during the pandemic, and to investigate the factors influencing ED utilisation in this cohort. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with recruitment at three...

Abstract Background The collateral damage of SARS-CoV-2 is a serious concern in the Emergency Medicine (EM) community, specifically in relation to delayed care increasing morbidity and mortality in attendances unrelated to COVID-19. The objectives of this study are to describe the profile of patients attending an Irish ED prior to, and during the pandemic, and to investigate the factors influencing ED utilisation in this cohort. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with recruitment at three...

Abstract Background Various stakeholders are calling for increased availability of data and code from cancer research. However, it is unclear how commonly these products are shared, and what factors are associated with sharing. Our objective was to evaluate how frequently oncology researchers make data and code available and explore factors associated with sharing. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 306 cancer-related articles indexed in PubMed in 2019 which studied research subjects with...

Abstract Background Exome sequencing (ES) is becoming more widely available in prenatal diagnosis. However, data on its clinical utility and integration into clinical management remain limited in practice. Herein, we report our experience implementing prenatal ES (pES) in a large cohort of fetuses with anomalies detected by ultrasonography using a hospital-based in-house multidisciplinary team (MDT) facilitated by a three-step genotype-driven followed by phenotype-driven analysis framework. Methods We performed pES in 1618 fetal cases with positive...

Abstract Background Adolescent depression can place a young person at high risk of recurrence and a range of psychosocial and vocational impairments in adult life, highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Parents/carers are well placed to notice changes in their child’s emotional wellbeing which may indicate risk, and there is increasing evidence that modifiable factors exist within the family system that may help reduce the risk of depression and anxiety in an adolescent....

Abstract Background Measurement of estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) has been demonstrated to be an indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and a risk sign for long-term outcomes in those with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) having coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). After elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the usefulness of eGDR for prognosis in those with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and non-diabetes is yet unknown. Methods 1510 NSTE-ACS patients...

Abstract Background Elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a striking challenge for countries with high or moderate disease burden. Therefore, using China as a practical case to share experiences for similar countries may accelerate the achievement of the WHO 2030 target of 90% reduction in HBV-related incidence. We aim to evaluate the impact of national HBV immunization strategies in China; and the feasibility to achieve WHO 2030 targets under different scenarios. Methods We constructed...

Measuring and correcting wavefront aberrations is an important process in a wide variety of disciplines, from ophthalmology, laser cutting and astronomy to free-space communication and microscopy, and always relies on measuring intensities to infer phase. One approach is to use the transport-of-intensity as a means for phase retrieval, exploiting the connection between observed energy flow in optical fields and their wavefronts. Here we present a simple scheme, using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), to perform...

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are the 4th plant supplemental lighting source. Pulsed lighting is benefit to increase energy utilization efficiency in greenhouse production. A pulsed-lighting LED luminaire with geometrical optical solution is proposed to overcome the shortcoming with pulse width modulation (PWM) solution. In addition, this luminaire also achieves uniform lighting by designing freeform surfaces. In the illumination area, the lighting frequency is 117.6 Hz and the illuminance uniformity is 0.789, which is better than 0.75...