Abstract Background Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults. Methods and analysis We will search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science,...

Abstract Background Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) comprises qualitative studies, with repeated data collection, that focus on the temporality (e.g., time and change) of a phenomenon. The use of QLR is increasing in health research since many topics within health involve change (e.g., progressive illness, rehabilitation). A method study can provide an insightful understanding of the use, trends and variations within this approach. The aim of this study was to map how QLR articles within the...

Abstract Background Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is used in the diagnostic work-up in suspected parkinsonian syndromes and dementia with Lewy bodies but cannot differentiate between these syndromes, and an extra brain imaging examination of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or glucose metabolism is often needed for differential diagnosis. The requirement of two different imaging examinations is resource-consuming and inconvenient for the patients. Therefore, imaging of both cortical blood flow and DAT imaging with the...

ObjectivesAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) has long been a cornerstone in treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and is known to improve the results of radiotherapy (RT) for high-risk disease. The purpose of our study was to use a multiplexed immunohistochemical (mIHC) approach to investigate the infiltration of immune cells in PCa tissue after eight weeks of ADT and/or RT with 10 Gy.MethodsFrom a cohort of 48 patients divided into two treatment arms, we obtained biopsies...

Abstract Background In order to reduce work-related upper limb disorders, the Swedish Work Environment Authority introduced an occupational health surveillance targeting hand-intensive work. A process model, aimed at supporting the employers as well as the occupational health service provider (i.e., ergonomist) in the work process with the occupational health surveillance, was developed. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore ergonomists’ experiences of the execution of occupational health surveillance for hand-intensive work when following...

Abstract Background The NORMAN Association ( https://www.norman-network.com/ ) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/ ) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR...

Abstract Background The NORMAN Association ( https://www.norman-network.com/ ) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/ ) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR...

Abstract Background Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults. Methods and analysis We will search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science,...

BackgroundThe value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for TN staging in head and neck cancer (HNC) has been proven in numerous studies. A few studies have investigated the value of FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of HNC; the combined results indicate potential for FDG-PET/MRI, but the scientific evidence remains weak.PurposeTo compare performance of FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI for locoregional staging in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas.Material and MethodsTwo radiologists independently of each other...

Athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury followed by ACL reconstruction (ACLR) often perform various testing to guide return to sport, but preinjury data are rarely available for comparison. This longitudinal case-control study reports absolute value and between-leg symmetry data on maximal performances for single-leg hop height and distance, muscle strength, and side hop landing mechanics of an 18-year-old female soccer athlete collected 5 months before sustaining an ACL injury and again at 10,...

BackgroundThere are no published international consensus or guideline documents regarding appropriate medical follow-up for women with hereditary increased risk of breast cancer who opt for prophylactic mastectomy. Moreover, it is not known whether breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after a prophylactic mastectomy is a reproducible method for evaluating whether clinically relevant amounts of residual glandular tissue remains.PurposeTo evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement on detecting residual glandular tissue with MRI.Material and MethodsIn total, 40...

Aim:This study investigates the effects of degree of multilingualism on cognitive functions in adulthood, with focus on episodic memory recall and including measures of verbal fluency as well as global cognition.Design:We studied a large population-based cohort cross-sectionally, and we also assessed changes over time through longitudinal measurements on four time-points over a 15 year period. Participants were drawn from the Betula prospective cohort study in Umeå, Sweden. The participants included in this study at baseline...

Aim:This study investigates the effects of degree of multilingualism on cognitive functions in adulthood, with focus on episodic memory recall and including measures of verbal fluency as well as global cognition.Design:We studied a large population-based cohort cross-sectionally, and we also assessed changes over time through longitudinal measurements on four time-points over a 15 year period. Participants were drawn from the Betula prospective cohort study in Umeå, Sweden. The participants included in this study at baseline...

Abstract Background Transposable elements (TEs) have been likened to parasites in the genome that reproduce and move ceaselessly in the host, continuously enlarging the host genome. However, the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends animal genomes against the harmful consequences of TE invasion by imposing small-RNA-mediated silencing. Here we compare the TE activity of two grasshopper species with different genome sizes in Acrididae (Locusta migratoria manilensis♀1C = 6.60 pg, Angaracris rhodopa♀1C = 16.36 pg) to ascertain...

BackgroundThere are no published international consensus or guideline documents regarding appropriate medical follow-up for women with hereditary increased risk of breast cancer who opt for prophylactic mastectomy. Moreover, it is not known whether breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after a prophylactic mastectomy is a reproducible method for evaluating whether clinically relevant amounts of residual glandular tissue remains.PurposeTo evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement on detecting residual glandular tissue with MRI.Material and MethodsIn total, 40...

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations. Methods We analysed targeted metabolomics data available for 5828 matched case-control pairs from cancer-specific case-control studies on breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, localized and advanced prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma nested...

Athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury followed by ACL reconstruction (ACLR) often perform various testing to guide return to sport, but preinjury data are rarely available for comparison. This longitudinal case-control study reports absolute value and between-leg symmetry data on maximal performances for single-leg hop height and distance, muscle strength, and side hop landing mechanics of an 18-year-old female soccer athlete collected 5 months before sustaining an ACL injury and again at 10,...

Abstract Background Tuberculosis has remained a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is the recommended strategy by the World Health Organization to prevent TB disease and related deaths among PLHIV. However, delivery and uptake of IPT has remained suboptimal particularly in countries where HIV and TB are endemic such as Tanzania. This study sought to assess contextual factors that shape delivery and uptake of IPT in...

Abstract Background Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is used in the diagnostic work-up in suspected parkinsonian syndromes and dementia with Lewy bodies but cannot differentiate between these syndromes, and an extra brain imaging examination of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or glucose metabolism is often needed for differential diagnosis. The requirement of two different imaging examinations is resource-consuming and inconvenient for the patients. Therefore, imaging of both cortical blood flow and DAT imaging with the...

Abstract Correlation networks derived from multivariate data appear in many applications across the sciences. These networks are usually dense and require sparsification to detect meaningful structure. However, current methods for sparsifying correlation networks struggle with balancing overfitting and underfitting. We propose a module-based cross-validation procedure to threshold these networks, making modular structure an integral part of the thresholding. We illustrate our approach using synthetic and real data and find that its ability to recover a...

Abstract Building on the value of engaging with and enabling the participation of marginalised young people in research, the aim of this article was to profile practical and procedural issues faced when conducting studies with young people who experience some form of marginalisation. Drawing on observations and research experiences from four diverse case studies involving young people who were either imprisoned in Cambodia, living in informal urban communities in North India, residing in rural northern...

Abstract Background Transposable elements (TEs) have been likened to parasites in the genome that reproduce and move ceaselessly in the host, continuously enlarging the host genome. However, the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends animal genomes against the harmful consequences of TE invasion by imposing small-RNA-mediated silencing. Here we compare the TE activity of two grasshopper species with different genome sizes in Acrididae (Locusta migratoria manilensis♀1C = 6.60 pg, Angaracris rhodopa♀1C = 16.36 pg) to ascertain...

Abstract Building on the value of engaging with and enabling the participation of marginalised young people in research, the aim of this article was to profile practical and procedural issues faced when conducting studies with young people who experience some form of marginalisation. Drawing on observations and research experiences from four diverse case studies involving young people who were either imprisoned in Cambodia, living in informal urban communities in North India, residing in rural northern...

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations. Methods We analysed targeted metabolomics data available for 5828 matched case-control pairs from cancer-specific case-control studies on breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, localized and advanced prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma nested...

BackgroundThe value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for TN staging in head and neck cancer (HNC) has been proven in numerous studies. A few studies have investigated the value of FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of HNC; the combined results indicate potential for FDG-PET/MRI, but the scientific evidence remains weak.PurposeTo compare performance of FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI for locoregional staging in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas.Material and MethodsTwo radiologists independently of each other...