In this paper, we propose the class of generalized additive models for location, scale and shape in a test for the association of genetic markers with non-normally distributed phenotypes comprising a spike at zero. The resulting statistical test is a generalization of the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test with mating type indicator, which was originally designed for normally distributed quantitative traits and parent-offspring data. As a motivational example, we consider coronary artery calcification (CAC), which can...

Salience is a broad and widely used concept in neuroscience whose neuronal correlates, however, remain elusive. In behavioral conditioning, salience is used to explain various effects, such as stimulus overshadowing, and refers to how fast and strongly a stimulus can be associated with a conditioned event. Here, we identify sounds of equal intensity and perceptual detectability, which due to their spectro-temporal content recruit different levels of population activity in mouse auditory cortex. When using these...

The larger distribution area of asexuals compared to their sexual relatives in geographical parthenogenesis (GP) scenarios has been widely attributed to the advantages of uniparental reproduction and polyploidy. However, potential disadvantages of sexuals due to their breeding system have received little attention so far. Here, we study the breeding system of five narrowly distributed sexual lineages of Ranunculus notabilis s.l. (R. auricomus complex) and its effects on outcrossing, inbreeding, female fitness, and heterozygosity. We performed...

To study how the phylogenetic composition of native island floras influences naturalized alien species richness, we assembled a dataset of 249 global islands from the global inventory of floras and traits (GIFT, Weigelt et al., 2020) and the Global Naturalized Alien Flora database (GloNAF, van Kleunen et al. 2019). The dataset contains naturalized and native species number, island area (km²) geological information from these sources. Additionally, we calculated three phylogenetic community metrics (Faith's PD, MPD...

Advances in neuronal recording techniques are leading to ever larger numbers of simultaneously monitored neurons. This poses the important analytical challenge of how to capture compactly all sensory information that neural population codes carry in their spatial dimension (differences in stimulus tuning across neurons at different locations), in their temporal dimension (temporal neural response variations), or in their combination (temporally coordinated neural population firing). Here we investigate the utility of tensor factorizations of population spike...

In this paper, we propose the class of generalized additive models for location, scale and shape in a test for the association of genetic markers with non-normally distributed phenotypes comprising a spike at zero. The resulting statistical test is a generalization of the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test with mating type indicator, which was originally designed for normally distributed quantitative traits and parent-offspring data. As a motivational example, we consider coronary artery calcification (CAC), which can...

ABSTRACT Purpose: While there is strong evidence supporting the importance of telemedicine in stroke, its role in other areas of neurology is not as clear. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of evidence-based data regarding the role of teleneurology in the care of patients with neurologic disorders other than stroke. Recent findings: Studies across multiple specialties report noninferiority of evaluations by telemedicine compared with traditional, in-person evaluations in terms of patient...

Supplemental material, sj-csv-2-smm-10.1177_09622802221133557 for Regularization approaches in clinical biostatistics: A review of methods and their applications by Sarah Friedrich, Andreas Groll, Katja Ickstadt, Thomas Kneib, Markus Pauly, Jörg Rahnenführer and Tim Friede in Statistical Methods in Medical Research

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Dataset of MAIRS-MS questionnaire with “then-” and “post-” items. Note: Item VP01_01 is a pseudonym generated to enable comparisons between the self-assessment of AI readiness and the evaluation results of the blended learning course. All items ending in “01” (e.g., “CO10_01”) represent ratings after attending the course, while all items ending in “02” (e.g., “CO10_02”) reflect retrospective ratings before attending the course. Supplementary Table 2. Dataset of evaluation results....

Supplemental material, sj-csv-2-smm-10.1177_09622802221133557 for Regularization approaches in clinical biostatistics: A review of methods and their applications by Sarah Friedrich, Andreas Groll, Katja Ickstadt, Thomas Kneib, Markus Pauly, Jörg Rahnenführer and Tim Friede in Statistical Methods in Medical Research

When visual contrast changes, retinal ganglion cells adapt by adjusting their sensitivity as well as their temporal filtering characteristics. The latter has classically been described by contrast-induced gain changes that depend on temporal frequency. Here, we explored a new perspective on contrast-induced changes in temporal filtering by using spike-triggered covariance analysis to extract multiple parallel temporal filters for individual ganglion cells. Based on multielectrode-array recordings from ganglion cells in the isolated salamander retina, we found...

Objective: To determine the nature and extent of minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and their association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: We analyzed data from n=449 cognitively normal participants (n=209 healthy controls, n=240 SCD patients) from an interim data release of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). An extensive neuropsychological test battery was applied at baseline for which...

The efficient extraction of image data from curved tissue sheets embedded in volumetric imaging data remains a serious and unsolved problem in quantitative studies of embryogenesis. Here we present DeepProjection (DP), a trainable projection algorithm based on deep learning. This algorithm is trained on user-generated training data to locally classify the 3D stack content and rapidly and robustly predict binary masks containing the target content, e.g., tissue boundaries, while masking highly fluorescent out-of-plane artifacts. A...

Objective: To report 5-year outcomes from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in early-stage Parkinson disease (PD) pilot clinical trial. Methods: The pilot was a prospective, single-blind clinical trial that randomized patients with early-stage PD (Hoehn & Yahr II off medications) to receive bilateral STN DBS plus optimal drug therapy (ODT) vs ODT alone (IDEG050016, NCT0282152, IRB040797). Participants who completed the 2-year trial participated in this observational follow-up study, which included annual outpatient...

The genus Daucus is widely distributed worldwide, but with a concentration of diversity in the Mediterranean Region. The D. carota complex presents the greatest taxonomic problems in the genus. We focus on a distinctive phenotypic group of coastal morphotypes of D. carota, strictly confined to the margins to within about 0.5 km of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, which we here refer to as coastal morphotypes or D. carota subsp. “gummifer” complex, the...

Salt marshes exist along the gradient of the marine mudflat to the terrestrial dunes, with a gradient of shore height and associated plant zonation. The lower salt marsh (LSM) extends from the mean high tidal level to 35 cm above that level and is followed by the upper salt marsh (USM). Despite changes in the amount of allochthonous marine input and in abiotic conditions, little is known about changes in the trophic structure and used...

Biodiversity decline and its cascading effects through trophic interactions pose a severe threat to ecosystem service worldwide. Within a synthetic conceptual framework for beta-diversity, we proposed a series of hypotheses related to multi-trophic community assembly in subtropical forests. Our results suggested that, resulting from niche-based bottom-up dynamics, producer dissimilarities are predominant in structuring consumer dissimilarity, the degree of which highly depends on the trophic dependency, the diversity facet and the data quality. More importantly, we...

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Dataset of MAIRS-MS questionnaire with “then-” and “post-” items. Note: Item VP01_01 is a pseudonym generated to enable comparisons between the self-assessment of AI readiness and the evaluation results of the blended learning course. All items ending in “01” (e.g., “CO10_01”) represent ratings after attending the course, while all items ending in “02” (e.g., “CO10_02”) reflect retrospective ratings before attending the course. Supplementary Table 2. Dataset of evaluation results....