Objective: The objectives of this study were to measure the global impact of the pandemic on the volumes for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with two control 4-month periods. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes and/or classifications in...

The Theory of Island Biogeography postulates that size and isolation are key drivers of biodiversity on islands. This theory has been applied not only to true (e.g. oceanic) islands but also to terrestrial island-like systems (e.g. edaphic islands). Recently, a debate has opened as to whether terrestrial island-like systems function like true islands. However, identifying the effect of insularity in terrestrial systems is conceptually and methodologically challenging because recognizing species source(s) and measuring isolation is...

Aim: Alpine habitats support unique biodiversity confined to high-elevation areas in the current interglacial. Plant diversity in these habitats responds to area, environment, connectivity and isolation, yet these factors have been rarely evaluated in concert. Here we investigate major determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands, and the responses of their constituent species groups. Location: European mountains below 50ºN. Time Period: Between 1928 and 2019. Major Taxa Studied: Vascular plants. Methods: We compiled species...

The dicationic guest 2,7-dimethyldiazapyrenium is bound inside the host cucurbit[7]uril, forming a very stable inclusion complex in which the host undergoes structural distortions to accommodate the guest.

The formation of inclusion complexes between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and ferrocene and its derivatives has been investigated. The X-ray crystal structure of the 1:1 inclusion complex between ferrocene and CB[7] revealed that the guest molecule resides in the host cavity with two different orientations. Inclusion of a set of five water-soluble ferrocene derivatives in CB[7] was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and calorimetric and voltammetric techniques. Our data indicate that all neutral and cationic guests form...

One ring binds them all: A bambusuril macrocycle is able to selectively capture a large number of different inorganic anions in water. The high stability of the resulting inclusion complexes is due t...

Species list of the vascular flora of Sicily and related plant traits analysed in the paper "Facebook groups as citizen science tools for plant species monitoring". These include: floral traits, vegetative traits, life form, plant size, traditional use (edible/healing plants only). All traits were extracted from the digital archives of the Flora of Italy (Pignatti et al. 2017-2019) except for the conservation status of species, which was taken from Raimondo et al. (2011) and from...

Although spatial and temporal variation are both important components structuring microbial communities, the exact quantification of temporal turnover rates of fungi and bacteria has not been performed to date. In this study, we utilized repeated resampling of bacterial and fungal communities at specific locations across multiple years to describe their patterns and rates of temporal turnover. Our results show that microbial communities undergo temporal change at a rate of 0.010-0.025 per year (in units of...

Aim: The evolution and maintenance of accurate Batesian mimicry has been explained by several hypotheses built upon relaxed selection. Such selection can be influenced by ecological factors, such as habitat type or geographic distribution, which have not been considered. I investigated whether the mimetic accuracy is influenced by habitat stratification where mimics occur (ground, low vegetation, bush, tree), their body size, and geographic distribution (temperate, subtropical, tropical). Location: Worldwide Taxon: Araneae Methods: I gathered data...

1. Niche filtering predicts that abundant species in communities have similar traits that are suitable for the environment. However, niche filtering can operate on distinct axes of trait variation in response to different ecological conditions. Here, we use a trait-based approach to infer niche filtering processes and (1) test if abundant and rare species in grassland communities are differently positioned along distinct axes of trait variation, (2) determine if these trait variation axes, as well...

Abstract Bambusurils are a class of macrocyclic anion receptors that exhibit notable anion recognition properties, able to bind various inorganic anions as well the carboxylates or sulfonates. Rece...

Abstract In this study, we have investigated the supramolecular interaction between series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium guests with variable alkyl substituent lengths and cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) in...

Abstract Synthesis of the first enantiomerically pure chiral bambusurils is reported. The bambusurils were prepared on the gram scale without using any chromatography techniques. The bambusurils fo...

Abstract Bambus[6]urils are a class of neutral anion receptors with outstanding binding properties in various solvents. The host–guest associations of bambusurils in aqueous environments have been ...

Aims: The rapid increase in the number of species that have naturalized beyond their native range is among the most apparent features of the Anthropocene. How alien species will respond to other processes of future global changes is an emerging concern and remains largely misunderstood. We therefore ask whether naturalized species will respond to climate and land-use change differently than those species not yet naturalized anywhere in the world. Location: Global Methods: We investigated future...

1. Rivers are dynamic ecosystems in which both human impacts and climate-driven drying events are increasingly common. These anthropogenic and natural stressors interact to influence the biodiversity and functioning of river ecosystems. Disentangling ecological responses to these interacting stressors is necessary to guide management actions that support ecosystems adapting to global change. 2. We analysed the independent and interactive effects of human impacts and natural drying on aquatic invertebrate communities—a key biotic group used to...

We report here on supramolecular objects containing glycoluril units and functioning as host molecules. The present paper contains a detailed discussion on the synthetic approaches leading to methyle...

(2018). Binding of bambusuril with bipyridinium guests in water. Supramolecular Chemistry: Vol. 30, SI: ISMSC, pp. 832-837.

Abstract The oxidizing ability of peroxodisulfate upon complexation inside the Bambusuril macrocycle cavity is inhibited. This dianionic agent can be released on demand from its stable 1:1 complex ...

Bambusuril macrocycles bind and release sulfide and hydrosulfide anions in water.

Bambusuril macrocycles allow qualitative and quantitative sensing of anion mixtures in water using 1H NMR spectroscopy.

A series of glycoluril molecular clips and acyclic CB[n]-type receptors are tested as solubilizing agents for insoluble drugs.

(2014). Synthesis and supramolecular properties of glycoluril tetramer. Supramolecular Chemistry: Vol. 26, Eighth International Symposium of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry (ISMSC-8), pp. 168-172.

Approaches using microsatellite markers are considered the gold standard for modern population-genetic studies. However, though they have found application in research into various platyhelminth taxa, they remained substantially underutilized in the study of monogeneans. In the present study, a newly-developed set of 24 microsatellite markers was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the generalist monogenean species Dactylogyrus vistulae. The analyzed parasite specimens were collected from 13 cyprinoid species from 11 sites in the Apennine...

A supramolecular complex between benzoates and a bambusuril crystallizes out immediately after mixing in chloroform but only in the presence of residual water molecules. In this complex each of the two portals of the macrocycle is occupied by one benzoate. Carboxylate groups are connected through hydrogen bo