Additional file 2: Table S1. Flow cytometric counts (cells mL-1) and forward scatter (FSC) of Synechococcus and two photosynthetic eukaryotic populations along with the ratio of the Synechococcus to total photosynthetic eukaryote populations. Table S2. Flow cytometric counts (cells mL-1) of bacterial and viral subpopulations and total populations along with the ratio of total virus populations to total bacterial populations. Table S3. Statistics for changes in flow cytometrically-quantified population abundances (count) of various populations at...

Streptococcus suis can cause severe infections in pigs and humans. The tonsils of pigs are major niches for S. suis, and different serotypes of S. suis can be found in the same tonsil. Pig tonsil colonization by S. suis is believed to be an important source of infection for humans and pigs. However, how S. suis competes for a stable tonsil niche is unknown. Here, we found that S. suis strain WUSS351, isolated from a...

Streptococcus suis can cause severe infections in pigs and humans. The tonsils of pigs are major niches for S. suis, and different serotypes of S. suis can be found in the same tonsil. Pig tonsil colonization by S. suis is believed to be an important source of infection for humans and pigs. However, how S. suis competes for a stable tonsil niche is unknown. Here, we found that S. suis strain WUSS351, isolated from a...

Additional file 7.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis without effective therapy. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is reported to have detoxification and anti-inflammatory functions and promotes tissue repair. However, the role of GA in CKD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether GA has a potential therapeutic effect in kidney fibrosis. A renal fibrosis mouse model was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via clamping unilateral left renal pedicle for 45 min; then, the mice were...

When closely related species come into contact via range expansion, both may experience reduced fitness as a result of the interaction. Selection is expected to favor traits that minimize costly interspecies reproductive interactions (such as mismating) via a phenomenon called reproductive character displacement (RCD). Research on RCD frequently assumes secondary contact between species, but the geographic history of species interactions is often unknown. Landscape genomic data allows tests of geographic hypotheses about species origins and...

Additional file 2: Table S1. Flow cytometric counts (cells mL-1) and forward scatter (FSC) of Synechococcus and two photosynthetic eukaryotic populations along with the ratio of the Synechococcus to total photosynthetic eukaryote populations. Table S2. Flow cytometric counts (cells mL-1) of bacterial and viral subpopulations and total populations along with the ratio of total virus populations to total bacterial populations. Table S3. Statistics for changes in flow cytometrically-quantified population abundances (count) of various populations at...

Additional file 1. Supplementary Tables.

Supplementary Material 3

Evolutionary theory predicts that organismal plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate regularly. However, in environments that fluctuate less predictably, plasticity may be constrained because environmental cues become less reliable for expressing the optimum phenotype. Here we examine how the predictability of +5 °C temperature fluctuations impacts the phenotype of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Thermal regimes were informed by temperatures experienced by microbes in an ocean simulation, and featured regular or irregular temporal sequences...

Bayesian inference for phylogenetics is a gold standard for computing distributions of phylogenies. It faces the challenging problem of moving throughout the high-dimensional space of trees. However, hyperbolic space offers a low dimensional representation of tree-like data. In this paper, we embed genomic sequences into hyperbolic space and perform hyperbolic Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian inference. The posterior probability is computed by decoding a neighbour joining tree from proposed embedding locations. We empirically demonstrate...

These data were generated to investigate the rate of leaf litter breakdown and how temperature and other factors such as microbial and and invertebrate activities were influenced over elevational and temporal gradients. Breakdown of allochthonous organic matter is a central step in nutrient cycling in stream ecosystems. There is concern that increased temperatures from climate change will alter the breakdown rate of organic matter with important consequences for ecosystem functioning of alpine streams. Dried leaves...

Trait-based approaches to phytoplankton ecology have gained traction in recent decades as phenotypic traits are incorporated into ecological and biogeochemical models. Here, we use high-throughput phenotyping to explore both intra- and interspecific constraints on trait combinations that are expressed in the cosmopolitan marine diatom genus Thalassiosira. We demonstrate that within Thalassiosira, phenotypic diversity cannot be predicted from genotypic diversity, and moreover, plasticity can create highly divergent phenotypes that are incongruent with taxonomic grouping. Significantly, multivariate...

High-throughput methods for phenotyping microalgae are in demand across a variety of research and commercial purposes. Many microalgae can be readily cultivated in multi-well plates for experimental studies which can reduce overall costs, while measuring traits from low volume samples can reduce handling. Here we develop a high-throughput quantitative phenotypic assay (QPA) that can be used to phenotype microalgae grown in multi-well plates. The QPA integrates 10 low-volume, relatively high-throughput trait measurements (growth rate, cell...

Apex predators structure ecosystems by hunting mesopredators and herbivores. Their ecological influence is determined not only by the number of animals they kill, but also by how prey alter their behaviours to reduce risk. Predation risk is variable in space and time creating a landscape of fear. In Australia, dingoes hunt red foxes and suppress their populations. As both predators are commonly subjected to eradication programs, the question arises whether humans alter the risk dingoes...

Additional file 1. Supplementary Tables.

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 7.

Structured light-based depth sensors provide accurate depth information independently of the scene appearance by extracting pattern positions from the captured pixel intensities. Spatial neighborhood encoding, in particular, is a popular structured light approach for off-the-shelf hardware. However, it suffers from the distortion and fragmentation of the projected pattern by the scene's geometry in the vicinity of a pixel. This forces algorithms to find a delicate balance between depth prediction accuracy and robustness to pattern fragmentation...

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-2-tam-10.1177_1758835920977117 for Low intratumor heterogeneity correlates with increased response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma by Xia Ran, Jinyuan Xiao, Yi Zhang, Huajing Teng, Fang Cheng, Huiqian Chen, Kaifan Zhang and Zhongsheng Sun in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) events associated with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have aroused wide attention. In meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed literatures, and the outcomes were the proportion and risk of ILD related to anti-HER2 ADCs. A disproportionality analysis based on data from VigiBase was conducted to characterize the main features of anti-HER2 ADC-related ILD/pneumonitis. Two hundred and forty-five all-grade and 47 grade ≥ 3 ILD events with the proportion...

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) events associated with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have aroused wide attention. In meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed literatures, and the outcomes were the proportion and risk of ILD related to anti-HER2 ADCs. A disproportionality analysis based on data from VigiBase was conducted to characterize the main features of anti-HER2 ADC-related ILD/pneumonitis. Two hundred and forty-five all-grade and 47 grade ≥ 3 ILD events with the proportion...

Abstract Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection was used to treat pneumonia and stroke in clinic in China, but with poor patient compliance. Xingnaojing nanoemulsion for intranasal delivery was developed to improve it. This article tried to evaluate the mucosal irritation of Xingnaojing nanoemulsion and investigate cellular uptake mechanism of its encapsulated lipophilic drugs. The toad palate model and rat nasal mucosa model were used to study the nasal ciliotoxicity and nasal mucosal irritation of nanoemulsion to evaluate...