Balancing the potentially serious outcomes of asymptomatic brucellosis and “waiting” for treatment in clinical practice is an urgent issue. Therefore, we assessed the follow-up outcomes and epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic brucellosis in the absence of treatment to provide evidence-based clinical clues. We searched eight databases in which 3610 studies from 1990 to 2021 were related to the follow-up outcomes of asymptomatic brucellosis. Thirteen studies, involving 107 cases, were finally included. Regarding the follow-up outcomes, we...

Chimpanzees are well known for their tool using abilities. Numerous studies have documented variability in tool use among chimpanzees and the role that social learning and other factors play in their development. There are also findings on hand use in both captive and wild chimpanzees; however, less understood are the potential roles of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms in determining individual differences in tool use skill and laterality. Here, we examined heritability in tool use skill...

Many species of songbirds exhibit dramatic seasonal variation in song output. Recent evidence suggests that seasonal changes in auditory processing are coincident with seasonal variation in vocal output. Here we show for the first time that frequency selectivity and temporal resolution of the songbird auditory periphery change seasonally and in a sex-specific manner. Male and female house sparrows (Passer domesticus) did not differ in their frequency sensitivity during the non-breeding season, nor did they differ...

Additional file 2: Table S1. Self-identified race. Table S2. Self-identified ethnicity. Table S3. Self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE). Table S4. Genetically inferred ancestry. Table S5. Concordance between SIRE and genetically inferred ancestry, Table S6. Average ADMIXTURE proportions stratified by SIRE.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Self-identified race. Table S2. Self-identified ethnicity. Table S3. Self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE). Table S4. Genetically inferred ancestry. Table S5. Concordance between SIRE and genetically inferred ancestry, Table S6. Average ADMIXTURE proportions stratified by SIRE.

Additional file 3: Table S7. Associations between genetically inferred ancestry and phecodes within ATLAS.

Additional file 6: Table S10. Summary of GWAS analyses in ATLAS.

Additional file 7: Table S11. Genome-wide significant associations in ATLAS.

Additional file 7: Table S11. Genome-wide significant associations in ATLAS.

Humans stand out for their capacity to flexibly cooperate, possibly because they understand their partners’ role. Researchers have explored if such understanding is unique to humans by assessing whether non-human species wait to manipulate a cooperative apparatus until a delayed partner arrives. If animals do wait, then it is assumed that they recognize the need for a partner. However, success in these tasks may be the result of social facilitation, while failure may be due...

Individual variability in delay of gratification (DG) is associated with a number of important outcomes in both non-human and human primates. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this study describes the relationship between probabilistic estimates of white matter tracts projecting from the caudate to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and DG abilities in a sample of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). After accounting for time between collection of DTI scans and DG measurement, age and sex, higher...

The dynamics of different ionic currents shape the bursting activity of neurons and networks that control motor output. Despite being ubiquitous in all animal cells, the contribution of the Na+/K+ pump current to such bursting activity has not been well studied. We used monensin, a Na+/H+ antiporter, to examine the role of the pump on the bursting activity of oscillator heart interneurons in leeches. When we stimulated the pump with monensin, the period of these...

Life-history strategies for optimizing individual fitness fall on a spectrum between maximizing reproductive efforts and maintaining physical health over time. Strategies across this spectrum are viable and different suites of personality traits have evolved to support these strategies. Using personality and survival data from 538 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) we tested whether any of the dimensions of chimpanzee personality - agreeableness, conscientiousness, dominance, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness - were associated with longevity, an attribute of...

Additional file 4: Table S8. Associations between genetically inferred ancestry and phecodes within ATLAS while adjusting for SIRE.

Additional file 8: Table S12. Effective sample sizes and effect sizes of correlated phenotypes for chronic nonalcoholic liver disease. Table S13. Role of phecode occurrences for defining cases. Table S14. Summary of methods. Table S15. Comparison of GIA clusters when restricting to unrelated individuals. Table S16. Comparison of genetic ancestry proportions within SIREs when using unrelated individuals.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exists as quasispecies (QS). However, the evolutionary characteristics of haplotypes of HBV X gene in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment remain unclear. Mutations across X gene are essential for the tumorigenicity of HBV X protein (HBx). However, the functional phenotypes of many mutant HBx remain unknown. This study aims to compare the characteristics of X gene evolution between tumour and non-tumour tissues in HCC patients and investigate the tumorigenic phenotype of...

Based on a well-preserved incomplete skeleton, a new frog, Gansubatrachus qilianensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Zhonggou Formation of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, north-western China. This species differs from other frogs in a unique combination of characteristics, such as a robust and non-bifurcated alary process on the premaxilla, a ‘V’-shaped parahyoid, a paired sphenethmoid, eight presacral vertebrae, three pairs of free ribs, and unexpanded sacral diapophyses. Phylogenetic analysis based on...