Additional file 4. Table S4. Characteristics of the 30 Spanish Farms included in this study.

Plants grow in communities where they interact with other plants and with other living organisms such as pollinators. On the one hand, studies of plant–plant interactions rarely consider how plants interact with other trophic levels such as pollinators. On the other, studies of plant–animal interactions rarely deal with interactions within trophic levels such as plant–plant competition and facilitation. Thus, to what degree plant interactions affect biodiversity and ecological networks across trophic levels is poorly understood....

Additional file 3. Table S3. Characteristics of the 22 Italian Farms included in this study.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Characteristics of the 30 French Farms included in this study.

Additional file 4. Table S4. Characteristics of the 30 Spanish Farms included in this study.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease caused by an RNA virus subdivided into seven serotypes that are unevenly distributed in Asia, Africa and South America. Despite the challenges of controlling FMD, since 1996 there have been only two outbreaks attributed to serotype C, in Brazil and in Kenya, in 2004. This review describes the historical distribution and origins of serotype C and its disappearance. The serotype was first described in Europe in...

Additional file 2. Table S2. Characteristics of the 27 German Farms included in this study.

Additional file 2. Table S2. Characteristics of the 27 German Farms included in this study.

1. Ash dieback is induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, an invasive pathogenic fungus. It is causing severe damage to European ash populations. However, the local environment, such as climate or site conditions, is known to affects ash dieback. 2. We studied the landscape epidemiology of the disease on a 22 km² area in north-eastern France at two stages of the invasion process using Bayesian spatio-temporal models fitted with integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Several features characterizing...

Additional file 3. Table S3. Characteristics of the 22 Italian Farms included in this study.

1. Bocage landscapes are characterized by a network of hedgerows that delimits arable fields. Such landscapes provide many ecosystem services, including biodiversity conservation, but their effects on weed communities remain largely unknown. Bocage landscapes could affect weed communities through two main processes: plant spillover from hedgerows and increased environmental heterogeneity in arable fields. These bocage effects are also likely to vary between farming systems (conventional vs organic), due to differences in management practices. 2. We...

Background: Rodents are major reservoirs of pathogens responsible for numerous zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock. Assessing their microbial diversity at both the individual and population level is crucial for monitoring endemic infections and revealing microbial association patterns within reservoirs. Recently, NGS approaches have been employed to characterize microbial communities of different ecosystems. Yet, their relative efficacy has not been assessed. Here, we compared two NGS approaches, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and 16S-metagenomics, assessing their ability to...

Campylobacter is among the most common worldwide causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. This organism is part of the commensal microbiota of numerous host species, including livestock, and these animals constitute potential sources of human infection. Molecular typing approaches, especially multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), have been used to attribute the source of human campylobacteriosis by quantifying the relative abundance of alleles, at 7 MLST loci, among isolates from animal reservoirs and human infection, implicating chicken as a...

Aim: The abundance-frequency relationship (AFR) is among the most-investigated pattern in biogeography, yet the relative contributions of niche-based processes related to ecological strategies, and of neutral processes related to spatial colonization-extinction dynamics, remains uncertain. Here, we tested the influences of ecological specialization and functional traits on local abundance and regional frequency, to determine the contribution of niche-based processes. Location: France and the UK. Taxon: Vascular plants. Methods: We used two arable weed surveys covering 1544...

Additional file 5. Table S5. Number of farms receiving each particular vaccine and doses (in parenthesis) in each category.

Additional file 5. Table S5. Number of farms receiving each particular vaccine and doses (in parenthesis) in each category.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Characteristics of the 30 French Farms included in this study.