This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Nervilia nipponica Makino (mukago-saishin) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the International Biological Flora: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to the environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, conservation and global heterogeneity. Nervilia nipponica is a small, stoloniferous, seasonally dormant herb...

There are conflicting reports on the effect of pregnancy on liver transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) levels. In this study, we sought to investigate the trajectories of AST and ALT levels during normal pregnancy and to compare them with AST and ALT levels of matched nonpregnant controls. Our multicenter retrospective study included 34,396 women who delivered at term at 12 primary maternity care units between January 2011 and December 2018 and 57,152...

Objective: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is one of the principal causes of vasculitic neuropathy. Recently, clinicopathological differences among patients with EGPA based on their anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) status have been reported. Furthermore, the efficacy of mepolizumab (an anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) antibody drug) for the treatment of patients with EGPA has been demonstrated. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of IL-5 on the clinicopathological features of EGPA. Methods: The clinical features and pathological findings...

This PDS4 collection contains the context prodcuts applicable to the Hayabusa2 mission as a whole; includes context products such as mission overview, mission host, and instrument overviews.

Recent studies showed the potential of stable isotopes of the macronutrient calcium (δ44/40Ca) and non-essential strontium (δ88/86Sr) as new trophic level indicators in terrestrial vertebrates and marine teleost fishes. In this study, we tested whether similar Ca and Sr isotopic fractionation trends existed in macroinvertebrate dominated stream food webs compared to vertebrates despite their physiological differences. We have determined the δ44/40Ca and δ88/86Sr values as well as the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of stream macroinvertebrates and of...

This PDS4 bundle collects all the mission wide information needed to use and understand the scientific data products produced by the Hayabusa2 mission.

This PDS4 collection contains the XML Schema prodcuts applicable to the Hayabusa2 mission as a whole; includes the mission dictionary.

The key role of cell walls in setting mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) and, consequently, photosynthesis, is reviewed. First, the theoretical properties of cell walls that can affect gm are presented. Then, we focus on cell wall thickness (Tcw) reviewing empirical evidence showing that Tcw varies strongly among species and phylogenetic groups in a way that correlates with gm and photosynthesis i.e. the thicker the mesophyll cell walls, the lower gm and photosynthesis. Potential interplays...

Left ventricular hypertrophy commonly occurs in dialysis patients and is associated with a risk of developing cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality. Although hypertension treatment reduces left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in hemodialysis patients, the relationships of prescription pattern, dose, and changes in the dose of antihypertensive drugs with LVMI have not been completely elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that volume reduction would lead to a decrease in the antihypertensive drug dose and subsequently to a...

Left ventricular hypertrophy commonly occurs in dialysis patients and is associated with a risk of developing cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality. Although hypertension treatment reduces left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in hemodialysis patients, the relationships of prescription pattern, dose, and changes in the dose of antihypertensive drugs with LVMI have not been completely elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that volume reduction would lead to a decrease in the antihypertensive drug dose and subsequently to a...

There are conflicting reports on the effect of pregnancy on liver transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) levels. In this study, we sought to investigate the trajectories of AST and ALT levels during normal pregnancy and to compare them with AST and ALT levels of matched nonpregnant controls. Our multicenter retrospective study included 34,396 women who delivered at term at 12 primary maternity care units between January 2011 and December 2018 and 57,152...

This PDS4 collection contains the documents applicable to the Hayabusa2 mission as a whole.