The wings of birds and their closest theropod relatives share a uniform fundamental architecture, with pinnate flight feathers as the key component. Here we report a new scansoriopterygid theropod, Yi qi gen. et sp. nov., based on a new specimen from the Middle–Upper Jurassic period Tiaojishan Formation of Hebei Province, China. Yi is nested phylogenetically among winged theropods but has large stiff filamentous feathers of an unusual type on both the forelimb and hindlimb. However,...

Abundant, exquisitely preserved specimens of the enigmatic tubular microfossil Megathrix longus are reported from the early Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area. Studies of their morphology and taphonomy reveal that the inner cross-wall of Megathrix longus is topographically flat, the trichome terminus is blunt and closed, and incomplete cross-walls are regularly intercalated between complete ones. The deformation of trichomes, as well as the corrugation of their cross-walls, are postmortem features caused by compaction,...

Two new species of Nilssoniopteris of the order Bennettitales, Nilssoniopteris hamiensis Zhao and Deng, new species and Nilssoniopteris crassiaxis Zhao and Deng, new species, are established from the Xishanyao Formation (Middle Jurassic) of Sandaoling Coal Mine in Hami, Xinjiang, China, based on leaf macromorphology and cuticular features. N. hamiensis is characterized by its varied leaf shapes and trichome bases of 1–4 cells on the abaxial epidermis, while N. crassiaxis is characterized by its broad midrib...

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-2-cix-10.1177_11769351221136056 for Optimizing Drug Response Study Design in Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts by Jessica Weiss, Nhu-An Pham, Melania Pintilie, Ming Li, Geoffrey Liu, Frances A Shepherd, Ming-Sound Tsao and Wei Xu in Cancer Informatics

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is recognized as one of the most pervasive, global patterns of present-day biodiversity. However, the controlling mechanisms have proved difficult to identify because many potential drivers covary in space. The geological record presents a unique opportunity for understanding the mechanisms which drive the LDG by providing a direct window to deep time biogeographic dynamics. Here we used a comprehensive database containing 52,318 occurrences of marine fossils to show that the...

The tetraradial or pentaradial fossil embryos and related hatched individuals from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation are of great interest for understanding the early evolution of medusozoans. The phylogenetic and evolutionary significance of their external and internal characters (e.g. manubrium, tentacles, septa and claustra) is still controversial. Here we describe a new pentamerous medusozoan, Hanagyroia orientalis gen. et sp. nov., characterized by five well-developed perradial oral lips around a remarkably large manubrium, a conspicuous equatorial...

Geothermal hot springs, widely distributed on Earth, are important geological green-house gas sources which contribute large amounts of CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Exploring microbial carbon fixation in these springs is vital to fully understand the carbon budget in these terrestrial aquatic systems. In this study, carbon fixation rate by photosynthetic mats was determined with a 13C labeling approach along a gradient of temperature (~69 - ~75 oC) in a geothermal pool at Rehai Park...

This study developed a low-energy consumption composite wall structure constructed with a pre-fabricated lightweight steel frame that is suitable for houses in villages and towns and evaluated its anti-seismic performance. A low-reversed cyclic-loading test was conducted on four full-scale pre-fabricated structure specimens, including a lightweight, concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column frame specimen (abbreviated as SFCF), a lightweight CFST column frame composite wall specimen (abbreviated as SFCFW), an H-steel column frame specimen (abbreviated as HSCF), and...

The Rhynchonellida is a major group of brachiopods that survived the “big five” mass extinctions and flourished after the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) crisis. However, phylogenetic and character evolution in the Rhynchonellida across the P-Tr transition is poorly understood. In view of the widespread homoplasy across this order, we employ a tip-dated Bayesian analysis to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for Late Permian–Triassic rhynchonellides. The same data were also analyzed using three other methods: undated Bayesian, equal-weighting, and implied-weighting...

The dental system of ceratopsids is among the most specialized structure in Dinosauria, and includes high angled wear surfaces, split tooth roots, and multiple teeth in each tooth family. However, the early evolution of this unique dental system is generally poorly understood due to a lack of knowledge of the dental morphology and development in early-diverging ceratopsians. Here we study the dental system of three of the earliest-diverging Chinese ceratopsians: Yinlong and Hualianceratops from the...

The rapid and accurate taxonomic identification of fossils is of great significance in paleontology, biostratigraphy, and other fields. However, taxonomic identification is often labor-intensive and tedious, and the requisition of extensive prior knowledge about a taxonomic group also requires long-term training. Moreover, identification results are often inconsistent across researchers and communities. Accordingly, in this study, we used deep learning to support taxonomic identification. We used web crawlers to collect the Fossil Image Dataset (FID) via...

In vancomycin treatment, the rates of correct blood sampling and initial trough concentrations within the target range are very low. Studies of interventions by clinical pharmacists based on population pharmacokinetics (PPK) models are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of clinical pharmacist-mediated optimization of the vancomycin administration regimen based on a PPK model. Retrospectively enrolled patients constituted the control group, and prospectively enrolled patients constituted the intervention group. The vancomycin administration regimen,...

We aimed to identify novel circular RNAs (circRNAs) as prognostic competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to serve as genetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). High-throughput sequencing data of circRNAs from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and of microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were retrieved to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs). DEmRNAs were subjected to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify prognostic DEmRNA (proDEmRNA) modules....

In common with human speech, song is culturally inherited in oscine passerine birds (‘songbirds’). Intraspecific divergence in birdsong, such as development of local dialects, might be an important early step in the speciation process. It is therefore vital to understand how songs diverge, especially in founding populations. The northward expansion of the Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) into north China in the last 30 years provides an excellent opportunity to study birdsong...

In order to adapt high stress and large deformation of roadways, the prestressed yielding bolt has been developed. However, borehole deviation makes the boreholes out of perpendicular to the roadway surface, and the prestressed yielding bolt will be under eccentric load. In order to reveal the influence laws of eccentric load on the performance of the prestressed yielding bolt, the numerical simulation was carried out in this paper. Then, the influence of eccentric load on...

The data sets contains in situ imaged fluid distribitions for two-phase drainage at four fractional flows under steady state condition for a water-wet Bentheimer sandstone and an altered mixed-wet Bentheimer sandstone. These multiphase images are used for curvature measurement and relative permeability measurement for two wettability conditions while dry images are used for porosity and absolute permeability measurements. Further details on experimental protocols can be found in Zou (2018,2019). Data was acquired at the University...

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a supreme environmental problem, and levels of this toxic metalloid must be strictly monitored by a portable, sensitive and selective analytical device. Herein, a new system of smartphone integrated paper sensors with Cu nanoclusters was established for the effective detection of As(III) in groundwater. For the integration system, the fluorescence emissive peak of Cu nanoclusters at 600 nm decreased gradually with increasing As(III) addition. Meanwhile, the fluorescence color also changed...

Thirty-five gem-quality turquoise samples with continuous hue were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical and spectra analyses indicate that Fe3+ primarily controls green hue of turquoise, where the absorption band performs bathochromic shift from 426 nm to 428 nm with increasing V content in the solid-solution series turquoise-chalcosiderite. Zn2+ suppress blue and V3+ and Cr3+ enhance the absorption on blue,...

In vancomycin treatment, the rates of correct blood sampling and initial trough concentrations within the target range are very low. Studies of interventions by clinical pharmacists based on population pharmacokinetics (PPK) models are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of clinical pharmacist-mediated optimization of the vancomycin administration regimen based on a PPK model. Retrospectively enrolled patients constituted the control group, and prospectively enrolled patients constituted the intervention group. The vancomycin administration regimen,...

Organic aerosol is known to be a major component of fine aerosols in China. This study was designed to investigate the seasonal characteristics and source apportionment of organic aerosols during both clean days and haze events. Time-resolved concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and organic molecular tracers were measured at Pinggu, a rural site of Beijing during the winter of 2016 and summer 2017 within an intensive sampling campaign. The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model was...

The modelling of crack propagation for elastic-plastic materials is critical in various engineering applications, such as safety analysis of concrete structures and stability analysis of rock slopes. Combined with elastic-plastic theory and fracture mechanics, the local radial basis point Interpolation method (LRPIM)has the ability to analyse crack propagation in elastic-plastic materials. Crack propagation in elastic-plastic materials is compared using the LRPIM and Extended Finite Element method (XFEM). The comparative investigation indicates that: (1) The LRPIM...

Air pressure data and seismic data

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, generally, has been simulated through a single or relatively few N applications per year for its ecological effect study. Despite the importance of timing in ecosystem processes, ecological experiments with more realistic N addition frequencies are rare. We employed a novel design with typical twice (2X) vs. atypical monthly (12X) N applications per year to explore effects of N addition frequency on above- and below-ground biodiversity and function. Each year, several...

The temperature database is used for calculating the magnitudes and rates of climate change in 47 time intervals from early Ordovician (478 Ma) to early Miocene (16 Ma). This database is composed of the most significant warming/cooling events over the past 480 million years and consists of original proxy data, calculated temperature data, locations, geologic age, time span, and relevant references. Paleotemperatures of surface seawater were calculated from multiple proxies such as oxygen isotope from...

This article focuses on laboratory experiments designed to investigate the influence of dynamic shaking on water level fluctuation in wells of unconsolidated sediments. A large flume filled with natural sandy sediments was subjected to horizontal dynamic loading at different frequencies (0.5-15Hz) and accelerations (0.1g, 0.15g, 0.25g and 0.5g), generated by a shaking table. Thus, the change in characteristics of the water and saturated sediments were investigated, including how water level and hydraulic properties changed over...