During the ACLOUD (Arctic Cloud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day) campaign conducted in May/June 2017 meteorological data (temperature, horizontal wind components, air pressure) have been measured using instrumentation that was installed at the nosebooms of both aircraft Polar 5 and Polar 6. This dataset presents the 1Hz resolution data. The high temporal resolution data (at 100 Hz) with all wind components are available here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.900880).For each flight the data are given as functions...

This data set includes vertical profiles of wind speed (FF), wind direction (DD), fit deviation (FD) and the backscatter confident (BB) measured by a ship born wind lidar. The definition of the fit deviation, the main processing of the lidar data and an evaluation of the measurements is described in Zentek et al. (2018; doi:10.5194/amt-11-5781-2018 ). For this data set winds were computed every 50 m up to 1000 m and the data is averaged...

This data set includes vertical profiles of wind speed (FF), wind direction (DD), fit deviation (FD) and the backscatter confident (BB) measured by a ship born wind lidar. The definition of the fit deviation, the main processing of the lidar data and an evaluation of the measurements is described in Zentek et al. (2018; doi:10.5194/amt-11-5781-2018 ). For this data set winds were computed every 50 m up to 1000 m and the data is averaged...

This data set includes vertical profiles of wind speed (FF), wind direction (DD), fit deviation (FD) and the backscatter confident (BB) measured by a ship born wind lidar. The definition of the fit deviation, the main processing of the lidar data and an evaluation of the measurements is described in Zentek et al. (2018; doi:10.5194/amt-11-5781-2018 ). For this data set winds were computed every 50 m up to 1000 m and the data is averaged...

This data set includes vertical profiles of wind speed (FF), wind direction (DD), fit deviation (FD) and the backscatter confident (BB) measured by a ship born wind lidar. The definition of the fit deviation, the main processing of the lidar data and an evaluation of the measurements is described in Zentek et al. (2018; doi:10.5194/amt-11-5781-2018 ). For this data set winds were computed every 50 m up to 1000 m and the data is averaged...

Active lava lakes represent a variety of open-vent volcanism in which a sizable body of lava accumulates at the top of the magma column, constrained by the vent and/or crater geometry. The longevity of lava lakes reflects a balancing of cooling and outgassing occurring at the surface and input of hot and gas-rich magma from below. Due to their longevity and relative accessibility, lava lakes provide a natural laboratory for studying fundamental volcanic processes such...

Spicule preparations were made with 6 % sodium hypochlorite solution and examined with a light microscope (ZEISS Axioskop). Photos were taken with an Olympus DP70 camera installed on the microscope and the software Olympus DP-Soft 3.2.Photos of the complete sponges (IDs Rn11-Rn17, freshly collected and dried) are available here: Fillinger, Laura; Janussen, Dorte (2019): Photos of fresh glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) collected during POLARSTERN cruise PS77 (ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO) in the Weddell Sea, (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.897579) and...

The ROV used was an inspection-class Ocean Modules V8 Sii belonging to the AWI section Bentho-Pelagic Processes. It was equipped with two High Definition (HD) video cameras (Kongsberg oe14-502) in front and one wide-angle camera (Bowtech L3C-550) for umbilical surveillance in the back. During transects, one of the HD cameras was directed perpendicularly towards the ground (DOWN), whereas the other one was directed forward in an angle of 40-45° (AHEAD). A distance of 1-2 m...

The copyright of the images is owned by the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. The AWI has the right to use the images for scientific analysis, publication and Communication and Media purposes. Any other usage needs formal approval by the Lovén Centre.The ROV used was an Ocean Modules V8 Offshore belonging to the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. It was equipped with one...

The gear used for collection was an Agassiz Trawl at station PS82/349-1, a Rauschert Dredge at station PS82/351-1, and a Bottom Trawl at all other stations. Details about the gear and collection can be found in the Cruise Report for PS82 by Knust & Schröder 2014.Spicule preparations of these sponges were made with 6 % sodium hypochlorite solution and examined with a light microscope (ZEISS Axioskop). Based on the spicules, Anoxycalyx joubini could clearly be...

The ROV used was a Sperre SubFighter 7500 DC of the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. It was equipped with one forward-looking High Definition (HD) video camera (Sony FCBH11, 1920x1080 px, interlaced, 50 fps, 50 Mbps), two standard video cameras for navigation and umbilical surveillance, and one still camera (Canon Powershot G9). Lighting was provided by two 200W HMI lights (Sperre) and two 250W halogen lights. Two parallel red...

Sponges were collected by Laura Fillinger and Dorte Janussen. Photos were taken by Luisa Federwisch.The gear used for collection was an Agassiz Trawl at station PS77/275-3 (212-238 m depth; IDs Rn1-Rn7) and a Bottom Trawl at station PS77/281-1 (280-288 m depth; IDs Rn11-Rn17).Note that the originally long basal spicule tuft has been cut off in individuals of the species Rossella cf. nuda and Rossella vanhoeffeni. Only short remains of the spicule bundles can be seen...

Morphometric measurements of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis valves from a two-year time series covering the period from November 2002 to October 2004 collected by a sediment trap at 800m below the ocean surface which was moored near 54° S 140° E in ca. 2300 m water depth, close to the top of the Australia-Antarctica mid-ocean ridge.

Sponges were collected and photos taken by Laura Fillinger and Dorte Janussen.The gear used for collection was an Agassiz Trawl at stations PS77/257-2 (152-190 m depth; IDs Ross1-Ross10) and PS77/275-3 (212-238 m depth; IDs Rn1-Rn7) and a Bottom Trawl at station PS77/281-1 (280-288 m depth; IDs Rn11-Rn17).Species identification based on spicule preparations was done by Dorte Janussen: for station PS77/257-2 three specimens were identified as Rossella cf. villosa, for station PS77/275-3 two specimens as Rossella...

We present dissolved neodymium and hafnium concentrations and radiogenic isotope compositions of surface and deep-water masses from the Bay of Biscay. Neodymium isotope signatures in surface waters of the Bay of Biscay are dominated by local weathering inputs from the surrounding continental margin. Subsurface Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) shows a distinct Nd isotope signature (εNd≅‑12.0) at the southwestern-most station and is significantly diluted by mixing with more radiogenic waters on its way north...

The SST records from original publications were aligned to NGRIP ice δ18O (Andersen et al., 2006; Rasmussen et al., 2006; Svensson et al., 2006; Vinther et al., 2006) using the AnalySerie software (Paillard et al., 1996).

The SST records from original publications were aligned to NGRIP ice δ18O (Andersen et al., 2006; Rasmussen et al., 2006; Svensson et al., 2006; Vinther et al., 2006) using the AnalySerie software (Paillard et al., 1996).

For age dating methods, see references. Calendar ages were calculated from the published raw radiocarbon ages into calendar ages using using Oxcal (online version 4.3) (Ramsey, 2009), the IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) and the modern reservoir age corresponding to each location extracted from GLODAP (Key et al., 2004). The reservoir age considered is 400 ± 100 a.

For age dating methods, see references. Calendar ages were calculated from the published raw radiocarbon ages into calendar ages using using Oxcal (online version 4.3) (Ramsey, 2009), the IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) and the modern reservoir age corresponding to each location extracted from GLODAP (Key et al., 2004). The reservoir age considered is 400 ± 100 a.

For age dating methods, see references. Calendar ages were calculated from the published raw radiocarbon ages into calendar ages using using Oxcal (online version 4.3) (Ramsey, 2009), the IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) and the modern reservoir age corresponding to each location extracted from GLODAP (Key et al., 2004). The reservoir age considered is 500 ± 100 a.

For age dating methods, see references. Calendar ages were calculated from the published raw radiocarbon ages into calendar ages using using Oxcal (online version 4.3) (Ramsey, 2009), the IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) and the modern reservoir age corresponding to each location extracted from GLODAP (Key et al., 2004). The reservoir age considered is 470 ± 120 a.

Table S1: 238U, 232Th, 230Th activities measured in SU90-03 bulk samples