Si les écarts entre les hommes et les femmes de taux d'emploi global et de salaires, à caractéristiques observables données, dont le type d'emploi, sont devenus très faibles, il n'en reste pas moins que les femmes occupent moins fréquemment des postes à haute responsabilité, mieux rémunérés. Notre étude sur le monde académique français en sciences économiques montre que les femmes ne sont pas discriminées lors des concours de promotion mais qu'elles postulent de 30 à...

We exploit the unique features of the promotion system for French academics to examine the causes of the promotion gap between men and women. Promotions occur through national competitions for which we have information on candidates and on those eligible to be candidates. We find that gender has no significant effect on candidates promotion rates. In contrast, women have a lower probability to be candidates, which is not driven by differences in the objective costs...

Functional foods have swept across France and Europe since the late 1980s. Margarines enriched with omega 3 or phytosterols, yoghurts enriched with bifidus or vitamin-rich food supplements... these foods with health claims have reopened the boundary erected over the course of the twentieth century between the markets for medicines, whose primary function is to treat the sick, and those for foods, whose primary function is to meet the nutritional needs of healthy people. They thus...

We study how departments’ characteristics impact academics’ quantity and quality of publications in economics. Individual time-varying characteristics and individual fixed-effects are controlled for. Departments’ characteristics have an explanatory power at least equal to a fourth of that of individual characteristics and possibly as high as theirs. An academic’s quantity and quality of publications in a field increase with the presence of other academics specialised in that field and with the share of the field’s output...

Following in the footsteps of similar initiatives at the boardroom level in Norway and other European countries, the French government decided to impose a gender quota in academic hiring committees in 2015. The goal of this paper is to evaluate how this reform changed the way women are ranked by these committees. The reform affected academic disciplines heterogeneously. I contrast the effect of the reform between fields that were significantly affected, and those that already...