Indonesian deforestation for palm oil has declined significantly, with the greatest falls occurring in supply chains governed by zero-deforestation commitments. However, rising palm oil prices and the growing role of traders who have lower levels of public transparency threaten to undermine progress.

Predator–prey interactions shape ecosystem stability and are influenced by changes in ecosystem productivity. However, because multiple biotic and abiotic drivers shape the trophic responses of predators to productivity, we often observe patterns, but not mechanisms, by which productivity drives food web structure. One way to capture mechanisms shaping trophic responses is to quantify trophic interactions among multiple trophic groups and by using complementary metrics of trophic ecology. In this study, we combine two diet-tracing methods:...

Additional file 1: Provides additional figures and analytical results for equations used in this study.

印度尼西亚的棕榈油生产相关毁林已显著减少，其中遵守零毁林承诺的供应链表现尤为突出。然而，由于棕榈油价格持续上涨，透明度较低的贸易商数量不断增加，毁林情况可能会加剧，导致前功尽弃。

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Venn diagram of gene lists linked to type 2 diabetes by different types of evidence. Figure S2. Heterozygosity inferred by comparing the paternal and maternal scaffolded contigs, shown on the paternal scaffolds. Figure S3. Length distributions of structural variants. Figure S4. Functional classification of duplicated genes. Figure S5. Sequence alignment of Nile rat Gckr proteins to 113 mammalian orthologs. Figure S6. Missing Nile rat Hadh gene present in alternate haplotype...

This paper explains the nature of interest rates in the U.S. federal funds market after the 2007- 09 financial crisis. We build a model of the over-the-counter lending market that incorporates new aspects of the financial system: abundance of liquidity, different regulatory standards for banks, and arbitrage opportunities created by limited access to the facility granting interest on excess reserves. The model determines the equilibrium federal funds rate as a function of the policy rates...

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Venn diagram of gene lists linked to type 2 diabetes by different types of evidence. Figure S2. Heterozygosity inferred by comparing the paternal and maternal scaffolded contigs, shown on the paternal scaffolds. Figure S3. Length distributions of structural variants. Figure S4. Functional classification of duplicated genes. Figure S5. Sequence alignment of Nile rat Gckr proteins to 113 mammalian orthologs. Figure S6. Missing Nile rat Hadh gene present in alternate haplotype...

Additional file 1: Provides additional figures and analytical results for equations used in this study.

Predator–prey interactions shape ecosystem stability and are influenced by changes in ecosystem productivity. However, because multiple biotic and abiotic drivers shape the trophic responses of predators to productivity, we often observe patterns, but not mechanisms, by which productivity drives food web structure. One way to capture mechanisms shaping trophic responses is to quantify trophic interactions among multiple trophic groups and by using complementary metrics of trophic ecology. In this study, we combine two diet-tracing methods:...

Predator–prey interactions shape ecosystem stability and are influenced by changes in ecosystem productivity. However, because multiple biotic and abiotic drivers shape the trophic responses of predators to productivity, we often observe patterns, but not mechanisms, by which productivity drives food Web structure. One way to capture mechanisms shaping trophic response is to quantify trophic interactions among multiple trophic groups and by using complementary metrics of trophic ecology. In this study, we combine two diet-tracing methods:...